Last reviewed: October 2026 · Cleared Peptides research team
Peptide bioregulators are very short synthetic peptides — usually two to four amino acids — designed from the composition of peptide extracts of specific organs. The approach was developed over several decades by Vladimir Khavinson and colleagues in St Petersburg, and the peptides are often called Khavinson peptides.
How Bioregulators Are Studied
Researchers have proposed that these short peptides enter cells and interact with DNA and histones, influencing chromatin structure and tissue-specific gene expression. They are studied mainly in cell-culture and molecular-modelling research.
Sequence Families
- Ala-Glu-Asp (AED) family: Cartalax (AED), Epitalon (AEDG), Cardiogen (AEDR), Cortagen (AEDP), Bronchogen (AEDL)
- Lys-Glu-Asp (KED) family: Vesugen (KED), Livagen (KEDA), Prostamax (KEDP), Testagen (KEDG), Pancragen (KEDW)
- Glu-Asp (ED) family: Pinealon (EDR), Crystagen (EDP), Chonluten (EDG), Ovagen (EDL)
- Dipeptide: Vilon (KE)
All Bioregulators at a Glance
| Peptide | Sequence | Code | Tissue of origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vilon | Lys-Glu | KE | thymus |
| Pinealon | Glu-Asp-Arg | EDR | brain |
| Cortagen | Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro | AEDP | cerebral cortex |
| Cardiogen | Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg | AEDR | heart |
| Livagen | Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala | KEDA | liver |
| Vesugen | Lys-Glu-Asp | KED | blood vessels |
| Prostamax | Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro | KEDP | prostate |
| Testagen | Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly | KEDG | testes |
| Crystagen | Glu-Asp-Pro | EDP | immune tissue |
| Chonluten | Glu-Asp-Gly | EDG | bronchial mucosa |
| Bronchogen | Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu | AEDL | bronchial epithelium |
| Pancragen | Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp | KEDW | pancreas |
| Ovagen | Glu-Asp-Leu | EDL | liver and gastrointestinal tissue |
| Cartalax | Ala-Glu-Asp | AED | cartilage |
| Epitalon | Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly | AEDG | pineal gland |
Extract-Based Preparations
Earlier work used tissue extracts such as epithalamin (pineal) and Thymalin (thymus). Synthetic short peptides were later designed from them — for example Epitalon from epithalamin and Vilon from thymus research.
This summary describes laboratory research only and makes no claim about effects in humans or animals.
Every bioregulator lot supplied by Cleared Peptides is tested for identity and purity, with the COA on our COA page. Browse all bioregulators.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are bioregulators so short?
They were designed as minimal active sequences derived from tissue extracts; most are two to four amino acids.
Are bioregulators for human use?
No. They are supplied for laboratory research use only.
Selected References
Peer-reviewed literature on the compounds discussed in this guide, listed as scientific background for laboratory researchers. Citation does not imply endorsement by the authors or any use other than in-vitro research.
- Fedoreyeva LI, et al. Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2011;76(11):1210-9. PubMed 22117547 · DOI
- Fedoreyeva LI, et al. Interaction of short peptides with FITC-labeled wheat histones and their complexes with deoxyribooligonucleotides. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2013;78(2):166-75. PubMed 23581987 · DOI
- Khavinson VK. Tissue-specific effects of peptides. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2001;132(2):807-8. PubMed 11713572 · DOI
Laboratory note: solubility depends on salt form and solvent. This guide does not state a single solubility figure. Handling of lyophilized material is described in the peptide storage guide.
Research Use Only Notice
This guide is provided for educational and laboratory reference purposes. It summarizes published, primarily in-vitro and structural research literature and does not describe, recommend or imply any use in humans or animals. Products sold by Cleared Peptides are for laboratory research use only; they are not drugs, foods, cosmetics or dietary supplements, are not FDA-approved, and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate or prevent any disease. No dosing, administration or therapeutic information is provided.
