Last reviewed: October 2026 · Cleared Peptides research team
NAD+ (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is a coenzyme found in every living cell. It carries electrons in redox reactions and is consumed as a substrate by several enzyme families, which makes it a core reagent in enzymology, metabolism and cellular-aging research.
In this guide:
NAD+ Structure and Identifiers
| Name | NAD+ (β-NAD, oxidized) |
|---|---|
| CAS number | 53-84-9 |
| PubChem CID | 5892 |
| Molecular formula | C21H27N7O14P2 |
| Molecular weight | ≈663.4 g/mol |
| Structure | Two nucleotides (adenine and nicotinamide) joined through a pyrophosphate bridge |
| Reduced form | NADH |
| Form | White lyophilized powder |
Biochemical Roles of NAD+
- Redox coenzyme: accepts a hydride to become NADH in glycolysis, the TCA cycle and many dehydrogenase reactions.
- Sirtuin substrate: NAD+-dependent deacylases (SIRT1–7) consume NAD+ during protein deacetylation.
- PARP substrate: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases use NAD+ in DNA-damage signaling.
- CD38/CD157: NAD+ glycohydrolases that generate ADP-ribose and cyclic ADP-ribose.
Laboratory Applications
NAD+ is used in enzyme-kinetics assays, NAD+/NADH ratio measurements, sirtuin and PARP activity studies, and as a reference standard in LC-MS metabolomics. It is often paired with 5-Amino-1MQ, an NNMT inhibitor studied in NAD+ salvage-pathway research. NAD+ is hygroscopic and should be stored sealed at −20 °C, protected from moisture and light.
This summary describes laboratory research only and makes no claim about effects in humans or animals.
Research materials referenced in this guide
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the CAS number of NAD+?
53-84-9; molecular formula C21H27N7O14P2, MW ≈663.4 g/mol.
What is the difference between NAD+ and NADH?
NAD+ is the oxidized form; NADH is the reduced form carrying two electrons and a proton.
Is NAD+ for human use?
Cleared Peptides supplies NAD+ for laboratory research use only.
Selected References
Peer-reviewed literature on the compounds discussed in this guide, listed as scientific background for laboratory researchers. Citation does not imply endorsement by the authors or any use other than in-vitro research.
- Chini CCS, et al. Evolving concepts in NAD(+) metabolism. Cell Metab. 2021;33(6):1076-1087. PubMed 33930322 · DOI
- Migaud ME, et al. Regulation of and challenges in targeting NAD(+) metabolism. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2024;25(10):822-840. PubMed 39026037 · DOI
- Amjad S, et al. Role of NAD(+) in regulating cellular and metabolic signaling pathways. Mol Metab. 2021;49:101195. PubMed 33609766 · DOI
Laboratory note: solubility depends on salt form and solvent. This guide does not state a single solubility figure. Handling of lyophilized material is described in the peptide storage guide.
Research Use Only Notice
This guide is provided for educational and laboratory reference purposes. It summarizes published, primarily in-vitro and structural research literature and does not describe, recommend or imply any use in humans or animals. Products sold by Cleared Peptides are for laboratory research use only; they are not drugs, foods, cosmetics or dietary supplements, are not FDA-approved, and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate or prevent any disease. No dosing, administration or therapeutic information is provided.
